Sunday, November 2, 2008
Course Study Plan for a Student Majoring in Biology
Freshman
2008 Fall
Principles of Biology (4)
Analytical Geometry and Calculus I (4)
Chemistry I (4)
Social Science 1 (3)
2009 Spring
Organismic Biology (5)
Expository Writing I (3)
Gen. Physics I (4)
Chemistry II (4)
Sophomore
2009 Fall
Modern Genetics (4)
Expository Writing II (3)
Gen. Physics II (4)
Organic Chemistry I & II + Lab (8)
2010 Spring
Cell Biology (3)
Public Speaking (2-3)
Organic Chemistry I & II + Lab (8)
Biology Elective 1 (3)
Junior
2010 Fall
Fundamentals of Ecology (3)
General Biochemistry (3)
Biology Elective 2 (3)
Humanity 1 (3)
2011 Spring
Biology Elective 3 (3)
Humanity 2 (3)
Social Science 2 (3)
International Study & General Education (0-6)
Senior
2011 Fall
Biology Elective 4 (3)
Humanity 3 (3)
Social Science 3 (3)
2012 Spring
Biology Elective 5 (3)
Humanity 4 (3)
Social Science 4 (3)
===========================================================
Biology B.S. or B.A.
Core Course Requirements (34)
The number in parentheses states the number of credit hours involved in each course or block of courses.
Principles of Biology (4)
Organismic Biology (5)
Modern Genetics (4)
Cell Biology (3)
Fundamentals of Ecology (3)
Biology Electives (15)
General Education Requirements (32-38)
The number in parentheses states the number of credit hours involved in each course or block of courses.
Expository Writing I (3)
Expository Writing II (3)
Public Speaking (2-3)
Humanities - 4 courses of your choice (11-12)
Social Science - 4 courses of your choice (12)
International Study & General Education (0-6)
Supporting Science Requirements (28-34)
The number in parentheses states the number of credit hours involved in each course or block of courses.
Mathematics
Analytical Geometry and Calculus I (4). For many students College Algebra (3) and/or Trigonometry (3) may be necessary prerequisites to the calculus course.
Physics
Gen. Physics I (4) and Gen. Physics II (4)
Chemistry
Chemistry I (4), Chemistry II (4) & General Organic Chemistry + Lab (5) OR Organic Chemistry I & II + Lab (8)
Biochemistry
General Biochemistry (3)
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Sunday, September 14, 2008
Solubility of Inonic Substance in Water
Table 4.1 Simple Rules for the Solubility of Salts in Water
(page 150, Chemistry, Zumdahl, 5th ed)
========================================================================
1. Most nitrate (NO3-) salts are soluble.
2. Most salts containing the alkali metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Rb+) and the ammonium ion (NH4+) are soluble.
3. Most chloride (ClO3-), bromide, and iodide salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are salts containing the ions Ag+, Pb2+, and Hg2+.
4. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Notable exceptions are BaSo4, PbSO4, Hg2SO4, and CaSO4.
5. Most hydroxide salts are only slightly soluble. The important soluble hydroxides are NaOH and KON. The compounds Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2 are marginally soluble.
6. Most sulfide (S2-), carbonate (CO22-), chromate (CrO42-), and phospate (PO43-) salts are only slightly soluble.
========================================================
Table 1 General Solubility Guidelines
Page 437 of Modern Chemistry by Holt, Rineheart and Winston
Chapter 13. Ions in Aqueous Solutions and Colligative Properties
========================================================
1. Sodium, potassium, and ammonium compounds are soluble in water.
2. Nitrates, acetates, and chlorates are soluble.
3. Most chlorides are soluble, except those of silver, mercury(I), and lead, Lead(II) chloride is soluble in hot water.
4. Most sulfates are soluble, except those of barium, strontium, lead, calcium, and mercury.
5. Most carbonates, phospates, and silicates are insoluble, except those of sodium, potassium, and ammonium.
6. Most sulfides are insoluble, except those of calcium, strontium, sodium, potassim, and ammonium.
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Wednesday, September 10, 2008
Skills for Study
http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/
http://infotrac.thomsonlearning.com/infowrite/index.html
http://infotrac.thomsonlearning.com/infowrite/sp_exams.htm
http://infotrac.thomsonlearning.com/infowrite/wr_critthink.htm
http://infotrac.thomsonlearning.com/infowrite/sp_lit.htm
http://infotrac.thomsonlearning.com/infowrite/sp_exams.htm
http://sundance.heinle.com/reader3e/samples.html
1. Five steps to better reading
This five-step technique to better reading begins with scanning the text.
Step 1 - scan
Look at the text quickly. Notice headings, pictures, images and key words to try to get an overall impression.
Flick backwards and forwards through the pages.
If there are no pictures or headings, just glance at the first sentence of each paragraph.
Step 2 - question
Ask questions of the text: Who? What? Where? When? How? Why?
Read any questions provided in the text or course material.
Step 3 - read
Read the text in a relaxed, focused, and fairly speedy way. Don't agonise over difficult words or ideas.
Don't make notes.
Step 4 - remember
Test your memory - but don't worry if you can't remember much.
Jot down some points without looking at the text.
Step 5 - review
Read the text again, taking brief notes.
Use your own words - look away from the text and imagine you are trying to explain it to a friend, but don't be too informal.
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
Measuring Atoms -- By their masses and numbers
Masses (amu, gram)
Atomic Mass Unit (amu) : One atomic mass unit, or 1 amu, is exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Average Atomic Masses: Average atomic mass is the weighted average of the atomic masses of the naturally occurring isotopes of an an element.
Numbers
Mole : A mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. This number is NA = 6.022x10^23 (Avagadro's Number).
Relating numbers to masses
Molar Mass (g/mol): Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a pure substance.
2. Relationships
=====================================================================================================================
No. of atoms - Mass(amu) - Mass(mass of 1 C-12 atom) - Mass (g) - No. of atoms (mole)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1C ------------------ 12 ------------------ 1 --------------------------------- 12/Na -------------------- 1/N
1H ------------------ 1 ------------------ 1/12 -------------------------------- 1/Na ---------------------1/Na
1X ------------------ X ------------------ X/12 -------------------------------- X/Na -------------------- 1/NaNaC ----------------- Na12----------------- Na ---------------------------------- 12 ---------------------- 1
NaH ----------------- Na ----------------- Na/12 -------------------------------- 1 ----------------------- 1
NaX ----------------- NaX----------------- NaX/12 ------------------------------- X ----------------------- 1
===================================================================================================
3. Comments
How are the content of the table obtained?
-- This table contains 5 columns and 6 rows.-- Columns 1 and 5 are the "Number of atoms" with column 1 in terms of "atoms" and column 5 in terms of "mole of atoms". Columns 2, 3 and 4 are masses with column 2 in terms of "amu", column 3 in terms of "mass of C-12", and column in terms of "grams".
-- Rows 1, 2 and 3 are for 1 atom of C-12, H, and X (general element with amu of X. Rows 4, 5, and 6 are for Na=6.22x10^23 (1 mole) of atoms for C-12, H and element X.
-- Row 1 column 1, 2 and 3 are obtained based on the definition of amu: each amu has a mass of 1/12 of that of an atom of C-12. Therefore, each C-12 has 12 amu.
-- Row 2 column 1, 2 and 3 are also obtained based on the fact that 1 H atom has a mass of 1/12 of that of C-12. Therefore, it has amu of 1.
-- Row 3 column 1, 2 and 3 are obtained based on the fact that 1 X atom has a mass of X(1/12) of that of C-12. Therefore, it has amu of X. The amu number X for element X is recorded in the Periodic Table and it is in fact the average amu of all isotopes of element X based on the abundance of the each isotope.
-- Columns 1, 2 and 3 of Row 4, 5 and 6 are obtained for Na=6.22x10^23 atoms (1 mole) for C-12, H, and X by multiplying row 1, 2 and 3 by Na. Column 5 of row 4, 5, and 6 are obtained based on the fact that Na is just 1 mole.
-- Column 4 of row 4 is obtained from the definition of mole: A mole is the amount of a substance that contains as many particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. This number is NA = 6.022x10^22 (Avagadro's Number).
-- Column 4 of rwo 5 and 6 are obtained based on the fact that the mass ratio betwen H and C-12 is 1/12
and the mass ratio between X and C-12 is X/12 for the same number of atoms. A term is given for Column4 of row 4, 5 and 6: molar mass. As it can be seen, it has the exact same numerical value as the average amu for each element which can be found from Periodic Table.
-- Row 1, 2 and 3 of column4 is obtained from rows 4, 5 and 6 of column 4 by dividing each of them by Na.
-- Column 5 of row 1, 2 and 3 are obtained by the fact that 1 atom of any element is just 1/Na of mole of that element.
-- In summary, all of the relationships can be derived from definition of amu and mole. The amu of a general element can be found from the Periodic Table. Another fact to remember is that 1 mole is nothing but 6.22x10^23 (Avagadro's number).
4. Observations
Convertion factors are obtained by looking at entries marked as 1.
4.1 gram <--> amu (absolute mass <--> relative mass)
-- Column 2, 3 and 4 reveals the relationship among different units of mass (amu and gram). That is,
1 amu = 1/Na gram
1 gram = Na amu
It does not matter what element it is. This relationship relates one mass unit (amu) to another mass unit (gram)
This relationship is not oftern used since ... .
4.2 gram <--> mole (molar mass; absolute mass <--> number)
1 mole of any atom X = X gram
= Na atoms
= Na * X amu
-- Molar mass relates mass (gram) and number (mole). Again, numerically, molar mass of a specific element is the same as the amu of that element which can be found in Periodic Table. The molar mass is often used to convert mass into moles in stoichiometry since the chemical reaction equation establishes the relationship in terms of moles, not mass.
4.3 amu <--> atom (relative mass <--> number)
1 atom of element X = X amu
1 amu = 1/X atom of X
= 1 atom of H
4.4 atom <--> mole (absolute number <--> relative number )
1 mole = Na atoms
1 atom = 1/Na mole
4.5 atom <--> amu
See periodic table
Saturday, August 30, 2008
HS Student -- AP Class Teaher's Web
AP ENGLISH -- Ms. Shirley Dowdle
http://www.teacherweb.com/TX/WestwoodHighSchool/Dowdle%2CShirley/
AP CHEMISTRY -- C.Delbar
http://www.teacherweb.com/TX/WestwoodHighSchool/Delbar/
http://www.geocities.com/mrsdelbar/
AP STATISTICS
http://www.teacherweb.com/TX/WestwoodHighSchool/SmeltzerPenny/
AP US HISTORY
http://teacherweb.com/TX/WestwoodHighSchool/APUSH/t.stm
http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/history/usa/brink/solc/index.htm
AP COMPUTER SCICENCE
http://www.teacherweb.com/TX/WestwoodHighSchool/MickelJeff/t.stm
http://www.skylit.com/javamethods/syllabi/
HS Student -- SAT Tests
SAT Reasoning Test
Critical Reading
Mathematics Writing
SAT Subject Tests
English
US History
World History
Math Level 1
Math Level 2
Chemistry
Spanish
Biology
Physics
------------------------------------------------
SAT Reasoning Test
SAT Subject Tests
English
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/lit/format.html
US History
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/histus/histus.html?histus
World History
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/histworld/histworld.html
Math Level 1
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/math1c/math1c.html?math1c
Math Level 2
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/math2c/math2c.htm
Chemistry
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/chem/chem.html?chem
Spanish
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/span/span.html?span
Biology
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/bio/bio.html?bio
Physics
http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/sat/lc_two/phys/phys.html?phys
------------------------------------------------
HS Student -- AP Exams
AP English Literature
AP Chemistry
AP Statistics
AP Computer Science A
AP US History
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AP Englsih Literature
3 hours
60 minutes multiple-choice questions
120 minutes for essay questions.
For details on the course objective and representative authors, please read pages from 51 through 55 of the following:
CollegeBoard AP
EnglishEnglish Language and Composition
English Liter ature and Composition
Course Description
May 2009, May 2010
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap08_english_coursedesc.pdf
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AP Chemistry
Section I:
75 multiplechoice questions with broad scope 90 minutes
Section II:
6 freeresponse questions:
* 3 multipart quantitative questions,
* 1 question on writing balanced chemical equations
and answering a short question for three
different sets of reactants,
* 2 multipart questions that are essentially nonquanititative.
Part A (55 minutes): calculator allowed
Part B (40 minutes): no calculator allowed
1 quantitative question based on chemical equilibrium
1 question based on lab, which may be in Part A and be quantitative,
or it may appear in Part B and require little or no calculation.
For course topic outline and chemical calculations, please go to
CollegeBoard AP
CHEMISTRY
Course Description
M a y 2 0 0 9 , M a y 2 0 1 0
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap08_chemistry_coursedesc.pdf
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AP US History
http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_downloads/ap/students/ushistory/ap-cd-ushist-0708.pdf
3 hours and 5 minutes
2 sections:
55-minute multiple choice section
130-minute free-response section
15-minute reading 45-minute DBQ in part A
Part B, C 70-minute: 2x(5-minute planning, 30-minute writing)
2 standard essay questions
For details on exam format and content covered, read pages 11, 12,and 13 of the following:
CollegeBoard
AP United States History
Course Description
May 2008, May 2009
http://www.collegeboard.com/prod_downloads/ap/students/ushistory/ap-cd-ushist-0708.pdf
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AP Statistics
3 hours
90-minute multiple-choice section: proficiency in variety of topics
90-minute free-response section open-ended investigative taks involving extended reasoning
The topical outline is on page 8, 9 and 10 of
CollegeBoard AP
Statistics Course Description
May 2008, May 2009
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap08_statistics_coursedesc.pdf
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AP Computer Science A
3 hours
Section I:
40 Multiple-choice questions in 75 minutes, which tests proficiency in a wide variety of topics,
Section II:
4 freeresponse questions in 105 minutes) ability to solve problems involving more extended reasoning.
Exams require students to demonstrate their ability to design, write, analyze, anddocument programs and subprograms.
Minor points of syntax are not tested on the exams. All code given is consistent withthe AP Java subset. All student responses involving code must be written in Java.
The topic outline is on pages from page 9 through 21 of
CollegeBoard APComputer ScicenceMay 2009
http://apcentral.collegeboard.com/apc/public/repository/ap08_compsci_coursedesc.pdf
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Friday, August 29, 2008
BIOL Student -- Class Assignments
To have an overview of assignments and exams so that the
student can be on top of the matters two weeks ahead or
one month ahead.
To know the teacher's expectation for the assignments and exams.
At the same time, to be able to define what constitutes understanding
and mastery of the subjects.
----------------------------------------------------
MATH220
Homework -- 14 assigned (220 total), due 6pm each Monday
Review Problems -- 111 total, not to hand in
Assigned Exams -- 3, 1 hour each (Sept. 15, Oct. 23, Nov. 20)
Final Exam -- when?
Resources -- Calculus (6th ed. isbn=0-495-739782), Student Solution Manual (online)
BIOL198
Exams -- 7, mutiple-choice questions, Sample exams, write paragraph for objective
Quizz -- Daily
Resources -- Textbook, Studio Manual,
CHM210
Exams -- 4 exams (Sept.15, Oct. 13, Nov. 10, Nov. 24), 1 lab exam (Oct. 20-24, Dec. 8), 1 final exam (Monday Dec. 15, 7:00pm), sample exam (downloadbable online)
Quizzes -- in-class, 14, sample quizzes??
Labs --
Online Homework -- K-State online, 5, available one week before due
Suggested problems -- Chap 1 - 12, solution to suggested problems folder, not graded
Resources -- Chemistry (9th ed.) 2007, Raymond Chang, Free tutoring, SAS
GEOG100
Exams -- 3, sample exam?
Online Questions --
Issues in the News -- NY Times, LA Times, Washington Post, Times, NPR News,
Suggested Readings and Required Readings -- available on syllabus
Resources -- Textbook
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Wednesday, August 27, 2008
BIOL Student -- Textbook Website
1. Biology: Concepts and Applications -- Starr
(Cloth with InfoTrac and CD-ROM), 5th
http://www.brookscole.com/cgi-brookscole/course_products_bc.pl?fid=M20&product_isbn_issn=0534385494&discipline_number=22
7th Ed.
http://www.brookscole.com/cgi-wadsworth/course_products_wp.pl?fid=M20b&flag=student&product_isbn_issn=9780495119814&discipline_number=22
2. Calculus: Early Transcendentals -- Stewart
http://www.stewartcalculus.com/media/8_home.php
3. Chemistry, 9/e Raymond Chang, Williams College> ISBN: 0072980605 © 2007
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/classware/infoCenter.do?isbn=0072980605
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/classware/selfstudy.do?isbn=0072980605
4. Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts, 12th Edition> H. J. de Blij, Michigan State Univ.> Peter O. Muller, Univ. of Miami> ISBN: 978-0-471-71786-7 ©2006 680 pages
http://he-cda.wiley.com/WileyCDA/HigherEdTitle/productCd-047171786X,courseCd-GE0300.html>
http://bcs.wiley.com/he-bcs/Booksaction=index&itemId=047171786X&bcsId=2733
Very useful: Take Note Lecture NotesSystematic
5. American History
http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/history/usa/brink/
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A very good website on how to learn calculus:
http://www.math.ucdavis.edu/~hass//Calculus/HTAC/excerpts/excerpts.html
How to think correctly
How to think correctly -- René Descartes
Let's get started by collecting a bunch of ways to use our mind wisely. Any suggestions are welcome.
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